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A shekarar 2024, yakin duniya na yaki da kwayar cutar kanjamau (HIV) ya yi kasa a gwiwa. Adadin mutanen da ke karbar maganin rigakafin cutar kanjamau (ART) da kuma cimma nasarar dakile kwayar cutar ya kai wani lokaci. Mutuwar cutar kanjamau ita ce mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin shekaru ashirin. Koyaya, duk da waɗannan ci gaba masu ƙarfafawa, Manufofin Ci Gaban Dorewa (SDGS) don kawo ƙarshen HIV a matsayin barazanar lafiyar jama'a nan da 2030 ba ta kan hanya. Abin damuwa, cutar kanjamau na ci gaba da yaɗuwa tsakanin wasu al'umma. A cewar rahoton Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na ranar AIDS na 2024, shirin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan cutar kanjamau (UNAIDS), kasashe tara sun riga sun cimma burin "95-95-95" a shekarar 2025 da ake bukata don kawo karshen cutar kanjamau nan da 2030, kuma wasu goma suna kan hanyar yin hakan. miliyan 1.3 a shekarar 2023. Ƙoƙarin rigakafin a wasu yankuna sun yi hasarar zaɓe kuma suna buƙatar sake mayar da hankali don dawo da koma baya.

Ingantacciyar rigakafin cutar kanjamau tana buƙatar haɗaɗɗun hanyoyin ɗabi'a, likitanci, da tsarin tsari, gami da amfani da ART don murkushe ƙwayar cuta, amfani da kwaroron roba, shirye-shiryen musayar allura, ilimi, da gyare-gyaren manufofi. Yin amfani da prophylaxis pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) ya rage sababbin cututtuka a wasu al'ummomi, amma PrEP ya yi tasiri sosai ga mata da 'yan mata matasa a gabashi da kudancin Afirka waɗanda ke fuskantar babban nauyin HIV. Bukatar ziyartar asibiti na yau da kullun da magunguna na yau da kullun na iya zama wulakanci da rashin jin daɗi. Mata da yawa suna jin tsoron bayyana amfani da PrEP ga abokan zamansu, kuma wahalar ɓoye ƙwayoyin cuta ta iyakance amfani da PrEP. Wani gwaji mai mahimmanci da aka buga a wannan shekara ya nuna cewa kawai allurai biyu na subcutaneous na HIV-1 capsid inhibitor lenacapavir a kowace shekara suna da tasiri sosai wajen hana kamuwa da cutar kanjamau a cikin mata da 'yan mata a Afirka ta Kudu da Uganda (0 a kowace shekara 100 mutum-mutumin; Abubuwan da suka faru na yau da kullun na baka emtricitabine-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate shine 2.1401). / 100 mutum-shekaru, bi da bi, a gwaji na cisgender maza da jinsi-dimbin al'umma a nahiyoyi hudu, Lenacapavir da aka ba sau biyu a shekara yana da irin wannan tasiri tasiri na dogon-aiki kwayoyi samar da wani muhimmin sabon kayan aiki don rigakafin HIV.

Duk da haka, idan maganin rigakafi na dogon lokaci yana nufin rage sababbin cututtukan HIV, dole ne ya kasance mai araha kuma mai sauƙi ga mutanen da ke cikin haɗari. Gileyad, mai yin lenacapavir, ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniya da kamfanoni shida a Masar, Indiya, Pakistan da Amurka don siyar da nau'ikan nau'ikan Lenacapavir a cikin 120 ƙananan ƙasashe - kuma masu matsakaicin kudin shiga. A dai dai lokacin da yarjejeniyar za ta kare, Gileyad za ta samar da lenacapavir a farashin ribar sifiri ga kasashe 18 da ke da nauyin HIV mafi girma. Ci gaba da saka hannun jari a ingantattun matakan rigakafin haɗin gwiwa yana da mahimmanci, amma akwai wasu matsaloli. Ana sa ran Asusun Agajin Gaggawa na Shugaban Amurka don Tallafawa Kanjamau (PEPFAR) da Asusun Duniya za su kasance mafi yawan masu siyan Lenacapavir. Amma a cikin Maris, an sake ba da izinin tallafin PEPFAR na shekara guda, maimakon biyar da aka saba yi, kuma gwamnatin Trump mai zuwa za ta sabunta ta. Asusun na Duniya zai kuma fuskanci kalubale na kudade yayin da yake shiga zagaye na gaba a cikin 2025.

A cikin 2023, sabbin cututtukan HIV a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara za su mamaye wasu yankuna a karon farko, musamman Gabashin Turai, Asiya ta Tsakiya da Latin Amurka. A wajen yankin kudu da hamadar sahara, galibin sabbin cututtuka na faruwa ne tsakanin mazaje masu yin jima'i da maza, masu yin allura da kwayoyi, masu yin jima'i da abokan huldarsu. A wasu kasashen Latin Amurka, sabbin cututtukan HIV na karuwa. Abin takaici, PrEP na baka ya kasance yana jinkirin yin tasiri; Ingantacciyar damar yin amfani da magungunan rigakafi na dogon lokaci yana da mahimmanci. Kasashe masu matsakaicin matsakaici kamar Peru, Brazil, Mexico, da Ecuador, waɗanda ba su cancanci samun nau'ikan nau'ikan Lenacapavir ba kuma ba su cancanci taimakon Asusun Duniya ba, ba su da albarkatun don siyan lenacapavir cikakken farashi (har zuwa $44,000 a kowace shekara, amma ƙasa da $100 don samar da jama'a). Matakin da Gileyad ta ɗauka na ware ƙasashe da yawa masu matsakaicin ra'ayi daga yarjejeniyar ba da lasisi, musamman waɗanda ke da hannu a gwajin Lenacapavir da sake dawowar cutar kanjamau, zai yi muni.

Duk da nasarorin da aka samu na kiwon lafiya, manyan al'ummomi na ci gaba da fuskantar cin zarafi na 'yancin ɗan adam, wulakanci, wariya, dokoki da tsare-tsare. Waɗannan dokoki da manufofi na hana mutane shiga ayyukan HIV. Ko da yake adadin masu mutuwa da cutar kanjamau ya ragu tun shekara ta 2010, har yanzu mutane da yawa suna cikin ci gaban cutar AIDS, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar da ba dole ba. Ci gaban kimiyya kadai ba zai isa ya kawar da HIV a matsayin barazanar lafiyar jama'a ba; wannan zabi ne na siyasa da kudi. Ana buƙatar tsarin tushen haƙƙin ɗan adam wanda ya haɗa martanin ilimin halitta, ɗabi'a da tsari don dakatar da cutar kanjamau sau ɗaya kuma gaba ɗaya.