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Cachexia cuta ce ta tsarin da ke tattare da asarar nauyi, tsoka da atrophy nama na adipose, da kumburin tsarin. Cachexia yana daya daga cikin manyan matsalolin da ke haifar da mutuwa a cikin masu ciwon daji. Bugu da ƙari ga ciwon daji, cachexia na iya haifar da cututtuka iri-iri na yau da kullum, cututtuka marasa lahani, ciki har da gazawar zuciya, gazawar koda, cututtuka na huhu, cututtuka na jijiyoyin jini, AIDS, da rheumatoid arthritis. An kiyasta cewa abubuwan da ke faruwa na cachexia a cikin marasa lafiya na ciwon daji na iya kaiwa 25% zuwa 70%, wanda ke da matukar tasiri ga ingancin rayuwar marasa lafiya (QOL) kuma yana kara yawan gubar da ke da alaka da magani.

Ingantacciyar shiga tsakani na cachexia yana da ma'ana mai girma don haɓaka ingancin rayuwa da hasashen masu cutar kansa. Duk da haka, duk da wasu ci gaba a cikin nazarin hanyoyin pathophysiological na cachexia, yawancin kwayoyi da aka haɓaka bisa ga hanyoyin da za a iya amfani da su kawai suna da tasiri ko rashin tasiri. A halin yanzu babu wani ingantaccen magani da Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ta amince.

Akwai dalilai da yawa na gazawar gwaji na asibiti akan cachexia, kuma dalili na asali na iya kasancewa cikin rashin cikakkiyar fahimtar tsarin da yanayin yanayin cachexia. Kwanan nan, farfesa Xiao Ruiping da mai bincike Hu Xinli daga kwalejin fasahar nan gaba ta jami'ar Peking, sun buga wata kasida tare da yin nazari kan yanayin yanayin yanayin halitta, inda suka bayyana muhimmiyar rawar da hanyar lactic-GPR81 ke takawa wajen kamuwa da cutar kansar cachexia, da samar da sabon ra'ayi na maganin cachexia. Mun taƙaita wannan ta hanyar haɗa takardu daga Nat Metab, Kimiyya, Nat Rev Clin Oncol da sauran mujallu.

Rage nauyi yawanci ana haifar da shi ta hanyar rage cin abinci da/ko ƙarin kashe kuɗi. Nazarin da suka gabata sun nuna cewa waɗannan canje-canjen ilimin lissafin jiki a cikin cachexia masu alaƙa da ƙari suna haifar da wasu cytokines waɗanda ke ɓoye ta microenvironment. Alal misali, abubuwa irin su nau'in nau'i na girma na 15 (GDF15), lipocalin-2 da kuma insulin-like protein 3 (INSL3) na iya hana cin abinci ta hanyar ɗaure zuwa wuraren kula da abinci a cikin tsarin kulawa na tsakiya, wanda ke haifar da anorexia a cikin marasa lafiya. IL-6, PTHrP, activin A da sauran abubuwan da ke haifar da asarar nauyi da atrophy nama ta hanyar kunna hanyar catabolic da ƙara yawan kashe kuzari. A halin yanzu, bincike kan tsarin cachexia ya fi mayar da hankali kan waɗannan sunadarai masu ɓoye, kuma ƙananan binciken sun haɗa da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ƙwayoyin tumor da cachexia. Farfesa Xiao Ruiping da mai bincike Hu Xinli sun dauki sabuwar hanya don bayyana muhimmiyar hanyar cachexia da ke da alaka da ciwace-ciwacen da ke tattare da ciwon tumo ta fuskar metabolites.

Da farko, tawagar Farfesa Xiao Ruiping ta tantance dubban metabolites a cikin jinin lafiyayyen sarrafawa da samfurin beraye na cachexia na ciwon huhu, kuma sun gano cewa lactic acid shine mafi mahimmancin haɓakar metabolite a cikin beraye tare da cachexia. Matsayin lactic acid na jini ya karu tare da haɓakar ƙwayar cuta, kuma ya nuna alaƙa mai ƙarfi tare da canjin nauyin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta. Samfurori na jini da aka tattara daga masu cutar kansar huhu sun tabbatar da cewa lactic acid shima yana taka rawa wajen ci gaban cachexia na kansar ɗan adam.

Don sanin ko babban matakan lactic acid yana haifar da cachexia, ƙungiyar binciken ta ba da lactic acid ga jinin ɓeraye masu lafiya ta hanyar famfon osmotic da aka dasa a ƙarƙashin fata, ta hanyar haɓaka matakan lactic acid na wucin gadi zuwa matakin beraye tare da cachexia. Bayan makonni 2, berayen sun haɓaka nau'in nau'in cachexia na yau da kullun, irin su asarar nauyi, mai da ƙwayar tsoka. Wadannan sakamakon sun nuna cewa gyare-gyaren kitsen da ke haifar da lactate yayi kama da wanda kwayoyin cutar kansa suka haifar. Lactate ba kawai sifa ce ta metabolite na ciwon daji cachexia ba, har ma da mahimmin matsakanci na cututtukan hypercatabolic phenotype.

Bayan haka, sun gano cewa shafewar GPR81 mai karɓa na lactate yana da tasiri wajen rage ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta da ƙwayar cuta ta lactate-induced cachexia manifestations ba tare da rinjayar matakan lactate na jini ba. Saboda GPR81 yana bayyana sosai a cikin adipose nama da kuma canje-canje a cikin adipose nama a baya fiye da tsokar skeletal yayin haɓaka cachexia, takamaiman tasirin bugun GPR81 a cikin ƙwayar adipose na linzamin kwamfuta yana kama da na ƙwanƙwasa na tsarin, inganta haɓakar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta. Wannan yana nuna cewa ana buƙatar GPR81 a cikin ƙwayar adipose don haɓaka cachexia na ciwon daji wanda ke haifar da lactic acid.

Ƙarin binciken ya tabbatar da cewa bayan daure ga GPR81, kwayoyin lactic acid suna fitar da mai mai mai Browning, lipolysis da kuma ƙara yawan samar da zafi ta hanyar Gβγ-RhoA/ROCK1-p38, maimakon hanyar PKA na gargajiya.

Duk da sakamakon da aka samu a cikin Pathogenesis a cikin cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da cutar kansa, har yanzu ba a sa ka'idojin magani ba, saboda haka akwai al'ummomin abinci na Clinical da kuma metabolism na Turai. A halin yanzu, jagororin ƙasa da ƙasa suna ba da shawarar haɓaka haɓakar metabolism da rage catabolism ta hanyoyi kamar abinci mai gina jiki, motsa jiki da magunguna