labarai

Shin za a iya tattara samfuran nama daga mutane masu lafiya don haɓaka ci gaban likita?

Yadda za a daidaita daidaito tsakanin manufofin kimiyya, yuwuwar kasada, da muradun mahalarta?

Dangane da kiran da ake yi na maganin madaidaicin magani, wasu masana kimiyya na asibiti da na asali sun ƙaura daga tantance waɗanne ayyukan da ke da aminci da tasiri ga yawancin marasa lafiya zuwa hanyar da ta dace don gano madaidaicin magani ga mai haƙuri a daidai lokacin. Ci gaban kimiyya, da farko da aka haɗa a fagen ilimin oncology, ya nuna cewa azuzuwan na asibiti za a iya raba su zuwa nau'ikan kwayoyin halitta, tare da hanyoyi daban-daban da kuma martani daban-daban na warkewa. Domin bayyana halaye na nau'in tantanin halitta daban-daban da kuma abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtuka, masana kimiyya sun kafa taswirar nama.

Don inganta binciken cututtukan koda, Cibiyar Nazarin Ciwon sukari da Ciwon Jiki da Cututtuka (NIDDK) ta gudanar da taron bita a cikin 2017 Masu halarta sun haɗa da masana kimiyya na asali, masu binciken nephrologists, masu kula da tarayya, kujerun Cibiyar Nazarin Cibiyar (IRB), kuma watakila mafi mahimmanci, marasa lafiya. Membobin taron karawa juna sani sun tattauna darajar kimiyya da karbuwar da'a na biopsies na koda a cikin mutanen da ba sa buƙatar su a cikin kulawar asibiti saboda suna ɗauke da ɗan ƙaramin haɗarin mutuwa. Dabarun "omics" na zamani (hanyoyin bincike na kwayoyin halitta irin su genomics, epigenomics, proteomics, da metabolomics) za a iya amfani da su don nazarin nama don bayyana hanyoyin cututtukan da ba a san su ba da kuma gano yiwuwar yin amfani da maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi. Mahalarta taron sun yarda cewa ƙwayoyin koda na koda ana karɓa ne kawai don dalilai na bincike, muddin sun iyakance ga manya waɗanda suka ba da izini, sun fahimci haɗari kuma ba su da sha'awar kansu, cewa bayanan da aka samu ana amfani da su don haɓaka jin daɗin haƙuri da ilimin kimiyya, kuma ƙungiyar bita, IRB, ta amince da binciken.

Bayan wannan shawarar, a cikin Satumba 2017, NIDDK-funded Kidney Precision Medicine Project (KPMP) ya kafa wuraren daukar ma'aikata guda shida don tattara nama daga marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar koda waɗanda ba su da wata alama ta biopsy na asibiti. An yi jimillar 156 biopsies a cikin shekaru biyar na farko na binciken, ciki har da 42 a cikin marasa lafiya da ke fama da ciwon koda da kuma 114 a cikin marasa lafiya da ciwon koda. Babu mace-mace da ta faru, kuma rikice-rikice da suka haɗa da alamun bayyanar cututtuka da zub da jini na asymptomatic sun yi daidai da waɗanda aka kwatanta a cikin wallafe-wallafen da siffofin yarda na binciken.

Binciken Omics ya haifar da wata babbar tambaya ta kimiyya: Ta yaya nama da aka tattara daga marasa lafiya da cuta ya kwatanta da nama "na al'ada" da "nassoshi"? Wannan tambaya ta kimiya ta bi da bi ta haifar da wata muhimmiyar tambaya ta ɗabi'a: Shin yana da yarda da ɗabi'a a ɗauki samfuran nama daga masu sa kai masu lafiya don a iya kwatanta su da samfuran nama marasa lafiya? Wannan tambayar ba ta iyakance ga binciken cututtukan koda ba. Tattara lafiyayyen kyallen takarda yana da yuwuwar haɓaka bincike cikin kewayon cututtuka. Amma haɗarin da ke tattare da tattara nama daga sassa daban-daban sun bambanta dangane da damar nama.