labarai

Binciken ya gano cewa a cikin shekaru 50 da haihuwa, ƙananan matsayi na zamantakewar al'umma yana da alaƙa da haɓakar haɗari na ciki; Daga cikin su, ƙarancin shiga cikin ayyukan zamantakewa da kaɗaici suna taka rawa wajen sasantawa a cikin haɗin kai tsakanin su biyun. Sakamakon binciken ya bayyana a karon farko tsarin aiki tsakanin abubuwan halayen halayen halayen halayyar mutum da yanayin zamantakewar tattalin arziki da kuma haɗarin damuwa a cikin tsofaffi, da kuma ba da mahimman bayanan kimiyya don samar da cikakkun hanyoyin kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa a cikin yawan tsofaffi, kawar da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun zamantakewa na kiwon lafiya, da haɓakar fahimtar manufofin tsufa na lafiya na duniya.

Damuwa ita ce babbar matsalar lafiyar kwakwalwa da ke ba da gudummawa ga nauyin cututtuka a duniya kuma babban abin da ke haifar da mutuwa tsakanin matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Cikakken Tsarin Aiki don Lafiyar Hankali 2013-2030, wanda WHO ta ɗauka a cikin 2013, ya nuna mahimman matakai don samar da matakan da suka dace ga mutanen da ke da tabin hankali, gami da waɗanda ke da baƙin ciki. Rashin damuwa yana da yawa a cikin tsofaffi, amma ba a gano shi ba kuma ba a kula da shi ba. Nazarin ya gano cewa baƙin ciki a cikin tsufa yana da alaƙa da raguwar fahimi da haɗarin cututtukan zuciya. Matsayin zamantakewa, ayyukan zamantakewa, da kaɗaici an danganta su da kansu tare da haɓaka baƙin ciki, amma tasirin su da takamaiman hanyoyin ba su da tabbas. A cikin yanayin tsufa na duniya, akwai buƙatar gaggawa don bayyana abubuwan da ke tabbatar da lafiyar zamantakewar damuwa a cikin tsufa da kuma hanyoyin su.

Wannan Nazarin nazari ne na yawan jama'a, binciken ƙungiyar ƙetare ta hanyar amfani da bayanai daga bincike na wakilai na ƙasa biyar na tsofaffi a cikin ƙasashe 24 (wanda aka gudanar daga Fabrairu 15, 2008 zuwa Fabrairu 27, 2019), gami da Nazarin Lafiya da Yin ritaya, Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya na ƙasa da Nazarin Ritaya. HRS, Nazarin Tsawon Zamani na Turanci, ELSA, Binciken Lafiya, Tsufa da Ritaya a Turai, Binciken Lafiya, Tsufa da Ritaya a Turai, Nazarin Tsawon Tsawon Lafiya da Ritaya na China, Nazarin Tsawon Lafiya da Ritaya na China, CHARLS da Kiwon Lafiya da Nazarin Mexico (MHAS). Binciken ya haɗa da mahalarta masu shekaru 50 da suka wuce a asali waɗanda suka ba da rahoton bayanai game da matsayin zamantakewar zamantakewa, ayyukan zamantakewa, da kuma jin dadi, kuma an yi hira da su akalla sau biyu; Mahalarta da ke da alamun rashin tausayi a asali, waɗanda suka rasa bayanai game da alamun rashin tausayi da kuma covariates, da waɗanda suka ɓace an cire su. Dangane da kudin shiga na gida, ilimi da matsayin aikin yi, an yi amfani da hanyar tantance nau'ikan da ke cikin tushe don ayyana matsayin tattalin arziki babba da ƙasa. An tantance damuwa ta amfani da Nazarin Lafiya da tsufa na Mexiko (CES-D) ko EURO-D. An ƙididdige haɗin kai tsakanin yanayin zamantakewar zamantakewa da baƙin ciki ta hanyar amfani da samfurin haxari na Cox, kuma an samu haɗaɗɗun sakamakon binciken biyar ta hanyar amfani da samfurin sakamako na bazuwar. Wannan binciken ya kara nazarin tasirin haɗin gwiwa da haɗin kai na matsayi na zamantakewar zamantakewa, ayyukan zamantakewa da kuma kadaici a kan bakin ciki, kuma ya bincika tasirin tsaka-tsaki na ayyukan zamantakewa da kadaici akan matsayin zamantakewar zamantakewa da damuwa ta hanyar amfani da bincike na tsaka-tsaki.

Bayan bin tsaka-tsaki na shekaru 5, mahalarta 20,237 sun haɓaka ciki, tare da adadin abin da ya faru na 7.2 (95% tazarar amincewa 4.4-10.0) a cikin shekaru 100 na mutum. Bayan daidaitawa don abubuwa masu banƙyama iri-iri, bincike ya gano cewa mahalarta ƙananan matsayi na zamantakewar zamantakewa suna da haɗari mafi girma na ciki idan aka kwatanta da mahalarta matsayi mafi girma na zamantakewa (wanda aka haɗa HR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.23-1.44). Daga cikin ƙungiyoyin da ke tsakanin yanayin zamantakewar zamantakewa da damuwa, kawai 6.12% (1.14-28.45) da 5.54% (0.71-27.62) sun shiga tsakani ta hanyar ayyukan zamantakewa da kadaici, bi da bi.

Ma'amala tsakanin yanayin zamantakewa da kaɗaici kawai aka lura don yin tasiri mai mahimmanci akan baƙin ciki (wanda aka haɗa HR=0.84; 0.79-0.90). Idan aka kwatanta da mahalarta babban matsayi na zamantakewar zamantakewar al'umma waɗanda ke aiki a cikin zamantakewar al'umma kuma ba su kadai ba, mahalarta masu ƙananan matsayi na zamantakewar zamantakewar al'umma waɗanda ba su da aiki da kuma kadaici suna da haɗari mafi girma na ciki (jimillar HR = 2.45; 2.08-2.82).

Rashin jin daɗin jama'a da kaɗaici kawai suna shiga tsakani ɓangaren haɗin gwiwa tsakanin yanayin zamantakewar zamantakewa da damuwa, yana ba da shawarar cewa ban da tsoma baki da ke niyya da keɓewar zamantakewa da kaɗaici, ana buƙatar wasu ingantattun matakai don rage haɗarin baƙin ciki a cikin tsofaffi. Bugu da ƙari, haɗe-haɗen tasirin yanayin zamantakewa, ayyukan zamantakewa, da kaɗaici suna nuna fa'idodin haɗin gwiwar haɗin kai lokaci guda don rage nauyin baƙin ciki na duniya.