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Interferon sigina ce da ƙwayoyin cuta ke ɓoyewa cikin zuriyar jiki don kunna tsarin rigakafi, kuma layin kariya ne daga ƙwayoyin cuta.Nau'in I interferon (irin su alpha da beta) an yi nazari shekaru da yawa a matsayin magungunan rigakafi.Duk da haka, nau'in I interferon receptors ana bayyana su a cikin kyallen takarda da yawa, don haka gudanar da nau'in interferon na nau'in yana da sauƙi don haifar da wuce haddi na amsawar rigakafi na jiki, yana haifar da jerin sakamako masu illa.Bambanci shine nau'in interferon na III (λ) masu karɓa ana bayyana su ne kawai a cikin kyallen takarda da wasu ƙwayoyin rigakafi, kamar su huhu, fili na numfashi, hanji, da hanta, inda sabon coronavirus ke aiki, don haka interferon λ yana da ƙananan sakamako masu illa.PEG-λ an canza shi ta hanyar polyethylene glycol bisa tushen interferon na halitta, kuma lokacin zagayensa a cikin jini yana da tsayi fiye da na interferon na halitta.Yawancin karatu sun nuna cewa PEG-λ yana da babban aikin rigakafin ƙwayar cuta

Tun daga Afrilu 2020, masana kimiyya daga Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa (NCI) a Amurka, Kwalejin King London a Burtaniya da sauran cibiyoyin bincike sun buga sharhi a cikin J Exp Med suna ba da shawarar nazarin asibiti ta amfani da interferon λ don kula da Covid-19.Raymond T. Chung, darektan Cibiyar Hepatobiliary a Babban Asibitin Massachusetts a Amurka, shi ma ya sanar a watan Mayu cewa za a gudanar da gwajin asibiti da aka fara don tantance ingancin PEG-λ a kan Covid-19.

Gwajin asibiti na kashi biyu na biyu sun nuna cewa PEG-λ na iya rage nauyin ƙwayar cuta a cikin marasa lafiya tare da COVID-19 [5,6].A ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 2023, Jaridar New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) ta buga sakamakon wani gwajin dandali na zamani na 3 da ake kira TOGETHER, wanda malaman Brazil da Kanada suka jagoranta, wanda ya kara kimanta tasirin warkewar PEG-λ akan marasa lafiya na COVID-19. [7].

Marasa lafiyan da ke nuna alamun Covid-19 masu tsanani kuma suna nunawa a cikin kwanaki 7 na farkon alamun sun sami PEG-λ (allurar subcutaneous guda ɗaya, 180 μg) ko placebo (allurar guda ɗaya ko ta baka).Sakamakon farko na haɗe-haɗe shine asibiti (ko koma zuwa babban asibiti) ko ziyarar sashen gaggawa don Covid-19 a cikin kwanaki 28 na bazuwar (lura> 6 hours).

Labarin coronavirus ya kasance yana canzawa tun bayan barkewar cutar.Don haka, yana da mahimmanci musamman don ganin ko PEG-λ yana da tasirin warkewa akan bambance-bambancen sabon coronavirus.Tawagar ta yi nazari na rukuni-rukuni na nau'ikan kwayar cutar da suka kamu da marasa lafiya a cikin wannan gwaji, ciki har da Omicron, Delta, Alpha, da Gamma.Sakamakon ya nuna cewa PEG-λ yana da tasiri a duk marasa lafiya da suka kamu da waɗannan bambance-bambancen, kuma mafi tasiri a cikin marasa lafiya da suka kamu da Omicron.

Dangane da nauyin ƙwayar cuta, PEG-λ yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci a cikin marasa lafiya tare da babban nauyin ƙwayar cuta, yayin da babu wani tasiri mai mahimmanci a cikin marasa lafiya da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.Wannan ingancin ya kusan daidai da Pfizer's Paxlovid (Nematovir/Ritonavir).

Ya kamata a lura cewa Paxlovid ana gudanar da baki tare da allunan 3 sau biyu a rana don kwanaki 5.PEG-λ, a gefe guda, kawai yana buƙatar allurar subcutaneous guda ɗaya kawai don cimma inganci iri ɗaya kamar Paxlovid, don haka yana da mafi kyawun yarda.Baya ga yarda, PEG-λ yana da wasu fa'idodi akan Paxlovid.Nazarin ya nuna cewa Paxlovid yana da sauƙi don haifar da hulɗar miyagun ƙwayoyi kuma yana tasiri metabolism na wasu kwayoyi.Mutanen da ke da babban abin da ya faru na Covid-19 mai tsanani, kamar tsofaffi marasa lafiya da marasa lafiya da ke fama da cututtuka na yau da kullun, suna sha'awar shan magunguna na dogon lokaci, don haka haɗarin Paxlovid a cikin waɗannan rukunin yana da girma fiye da PEG-λ.

Bugu da ƙari, Paxlovid wani mai hanawa ne wanda ke kaiwa ga ƙwayoyin cuta.Idan protease na hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri ya canza, maganin na iya zama mara amfani.PEG-λ yana haɓaka kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar kunna garkuwar jiki, kuma baya kai hari ga kowane tsarin ƙwayoyin cuta.Saboda haka, ko da kwayar cutar ta sake canzawa a nan gaba, PEG-λ ana sa ran ta kiyaye ingancinta.

Duk da haka, FDA ta ce ba za ta ba da izinin yin amfani da gaggawa na PEG-λ ba, da yawa ga rashin jin daɗin masana kimiyya da ke cikin binciken.Eiger ya ce hakan na iya zama saboda binciken bai shafi wata cibiyar gwaji ta Amurka ba, kuma saboda masu binciken ne suka fara gwajin, ba kamfanonin magunguna ba.Sakamakon haka, PEG-λ zai buƙaci saka hannun jari mai yawa da ƙarin lokaci kafin a iya ƙaddamar da shi a Amurka.

A matsayin babban maganin rigakafi na bakan, PEG-λ ba wai kawai ke kaiwa sabon coronavirus hari ba, yana iya haɓaka kawar da sauran cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta.PEG-λ yana da yuwuwar tasiri akan ƙwayar mura, ƙwayar cuta ta syncytial na numfashi da sauran coronaviruses.Wasu nazarin sun kuma nuna cewa λ magungunan interferon, idan aka yi amfani da su da wuri, na iya dakatar da kwayar cutar daga kamuwa da jiki.Eleanor Fish, masanin rigakafi a Jami'ar Toronto da ke Kanada wanda bai shiga cikin binciken TOGETHER ba, ya ce: "Mafi girman amfani da irin wannan nau'in interferon zai kasance ta hanyar rigakafi, musamman don kare mutane masu haɗari daga kamuwa da cuta yayin barkewar cutar."